( Log Out /  The IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge Reading Sample; ‘The Story of Coffee’ with answers. In 2012, coffee-leaf rust decimated coffee farms across Latin America. The reading passage on The Story of Coffee has 7 paragraphs A – G. From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – G. Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes 28 – 33 on your answer sheet. The organisms within the fungal life cycle asexually produce thousands of tiny s… Fungicide applications are now part of the routine production practices on coffee plantations, despite the expense for small growers. By observing the patterns of infection on individual leaves, it can be deduced that splashing rain is the most important means of local, or short-range dispersal. Insects as carriers can be ruled out, and it is doubtful whether the fungus could have been blown so far. The Presto 02822 6-Cup Stainless-Steel Coffee Percolator is a classically designed coffee brewer with the capacity to produce 2-6 cups of flavourful coffee. Other resources to use with this Black Coffee – Reading Comprehension Worksheet As your students are reading, it’s possible that they may need to use graphic organizers to help them summarize the events of the story. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Today, the fungus has spread throughout all the coffee-growing areas, including Colombia and the countries of Central America. For many farmers, it caused the loss not just one crop cycle but two or more: Meaning no income for multiple years in a row for an already vulnerable population of smallholders. Hemileia vastatrix is a fungus of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales) that causes coffee leaf rust, a disease that is devastating to susceptible coffee plantations.Coffee serves as the obligate host of coffee rust, that is, the rust must have access to and come into physical contact with coffee (Coffea sp.) The continuous planting of coffee trees over the island, without even the benefit of windbreaks, had created a perfect environment for a fungus epidemic to spread. Insects as carriers can be ruled out, and it is doubtful whether the, Ward recommended that to effectively protect the plant from invasion, the leaves should be treated with a coating of fungicide (lime-sulphur). By the seventeenth century coffee had been introduced to Europe. In the mid 1800’s coffee leaf rust obliterated the coffee industry in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and changed its agriculture completely (it is now the fourth largest producer of tea). in order to survive. Credit: Ivan Petrich. You have to ask a question you do not know about, or a question that results in the same advantage or disadvantage for you. Thought to have evolved alongside coffee in Ethiopia, leaf rust was first reported in 1861 near Lake Victoria in East Africa, and coffee farmers have been battling it ever since. This defoliation causes shoots and roots to starve and consequently to die back, reducing the number of nodes on which coffee can be produced the following season. The reading passage on The Story of Coffee has 7 paragraphs A – G. From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – G. Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes 28 – 33 on your answer sheet. masses of orange urediniospores (= uredospores) appear on the undersurfaces (Figure 4 C. This dangerous distraction contributes largely to motor vehicle accidents and the statistics are Increasing daily as we continue to take our eyes off the road to call or even more dangerously text. Note: If you're on MacOS, make sure you've installed Xcode and its developer tools by typing xcode-select --install. Tag: ielts reading the story of coffee answers ... Reading practice test 11 THE STORY OF COFFEE ielts reading sample. Plantations were swiftly established in the tropical highlands of Brazil, Colombia, and Central America, and Brazil soon became the world’s major coffee supplier, closely followed by Colombia. Subscribe to our website via Email. Though coffee leaf rust came to widespread public attention during the Latin American/Carribean epidemic of 2012-13, it has long been an enemy of coffee farmers. Coffee Prices, Rust Getting On Plants Do you like to drink coffee in the mornings while reading the newspaper or any other paper articles? Once the barrier of the oceans had been breached, wind dispersal came into play. Ex-perts attribute that attack to the phenomenon called La Nina, which caused a 44 percent increase in rainfall one year, decreasing daylight hours by 22 per-cent and average temperatures by 1 degree. Coffee trees are native to eastern Africa and areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Small-scale farmers and tostadores like Moises primarily produce Arabica coffee, a variety that is particularly well-suited to the high altitudes of the Sierra. In response, farmers were urged to plant hybrid varieties that were rust-resistant. Rust-resistant strains of coffee have also been developed but the crop is of poorer quality. was only by good fortune that no similar fungus arrived to invade the tea bushes and that improved fungicides were soon available to protect the crop. However, in 1970, the fungus was discovered in Brazil, again probably brought in accidentally by humans. Coffea Arabica, the species that produces the best coffee, is the most susceptible of the coffee plants to coffee leaf rust. Whether you enjoy a latte, a cappuccino, or simply black coffee, these funny coffee quotes and sayings will have you nodding your head and will tempt you to reach for another cup. The rust fungus is dispersed by both wind and rain. Gabriel recognized the problem as soon as he saw it. Crystal ball will answer any question that awaits a clear answer (Yes / No). However, for more background research, check out the following links (all information on this site comes from one of the following articles): Coffee leaves with the small yellow spots that indicate an early infection of coffee leaf rust. A coffee bean goes from a series of producers, exporters, importers, roasters and sellers. Coffee rust, la roya in Spanish, showed up for the first time in Central America in the 1970s. If yes was your answer or if it wasn't and someone you are living with drinks coffee. But this epidemic, which began in late 2012, is by far the worst the region has seen. Nội quy khi tham gia giải thích chi tiết 1 bài reading IELTS. Dispersal over wider areas is primarily by wind, although insects such as flies and wasps may also play a small part. Even the people that I would have never expected. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. How the fungus first made its way from its native Ethiopia to Ceylon is unknown, but human intervention seems to be the only plausible explanation. The post will discuss the answers to questions 28-40. Keep reading what I The chanccs arc that you have already drunk a cup or glass of tea today, Perhaps, you arc sipping one as you read this. Today, the fungus has spread throughout all the. Unfortunately in the case of the Ceylon plantations, the rust epidemic was too well-established for this protective measure to save the coffee trees. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. There was some warning. Unless a truly rust-. I’ve even read that 10 cups a day is good for our brain. Despite Ward’s warning, when the coffee trees were replaced with tea bushes, they were planted at the same density. Back in my country many people did this. STRUGGLING WITH READING PLUS? When a plant is badly affected, the infected leaves drop to the ground, and short-circuit the plant’s ability to generate energy and thus yield a crop. “It’s due to climate change.” T he pandemic of coffee rust is like the unfolding pandemic of the coronavirus in so many ways. Later the pustules turn black. The infected leaves drop prematurely, leaving long expanses of bare twigs. The appearance of this disease was first reported in the British colony of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1867. I must have a coffee first thing in the morning. Photo courtesy of Tim Willems and World Coffee Research. Scientists and doctors can’t make their minds up about coffee. Fungicide applications are now part of the routine production practices on coffee plantations, despite the expense for small growers. This long chain of production has major social and political effects. The answer to this question can be traced back, unexpectedly, to a humble fungus, HEMILEIA vastatrix, which attacks the leaves of coffee plants causing a disease popularly known as coffee rust. Coffee growers, in their desperation to find quick fixes to get rid of pests like the rust, have come to rely on pesticides and genetically modified plants. It started in 2010.” “All non-resistant varieties were affected, including Catimor. ( Log Out /  You can get it by visiting https://rustup.rs. He also pointed out the risks of intensive monoculture. This means the fungus takes its energy and nutrients from a live host, which in this case is a coffee plant. However, in 1970, the fungus was discovered in Brazil, again probably brought in accidentally by humans. Coffee Leaf Rust emerged again in the Americas in 2008 through 2011. The dust looks like rust on a piece of steel, and that is how it got its name: The plants are infected with coffee-leaf rust, a devastating fungus. Why do the British drink so much tea? They’d drink the coffee then flip the cup upside down. Under British rule, the island of Ceylon was stripped of its forests to turn over every available acre to coffee production. Danh sách TNV nhóm dịch thuật. The continuous planting of coffee trees over the island, without even the benefit of windbreaks, had created a perfect environment for a fungus epidemic to spread. Hướng dẫn cách update phần giải thích chi tiết lên IOT. we all are, heres your chance to get easy 100's on every single story. Dự án giải thich chi tiết các bài reading IELTS. Ward recommended that to effectively protect the plant from invasion, the leaves should be treated with a coating of fungicide (lime-sulphur). With the destruction of the coffee plantations in Ceylon and subsequent arrival of coffee rust in Java and Sumatra, the world’s coffee production shifted to the Americas. For example, some coffee producers and drinkers are concerned about the Fair Trade movement. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. The appearance of this disease was first reported … i Growing Coffee By observing the patterns of infection on individual leaves, it can be deduced that splashing rain is the most important means of local, or short-range dispersal. “When the coffee rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix, reached Ceylon in 1875, nearly 400,000 acres of the island were covered with… Infected trees were isolated by creating an 80 km coffeeless ‘safety zone’ around the infected area, but within eighteen months the rust had jumped the gap in the direction of the prevailing winds. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The rust organism can be recognized by the presence of yellowish powdery lesions on the undersides of the leaves of the coffee plant. Coffee leaf rust thrives in the same conditions as many coffee varieties. This empire, however, was swiftly devastated by the arrival of the coffee rust fungus. I’ve posted the answer below.  However, for more background research, check out the following links (all information on this site comes from one of the following articles): http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/05/19/usaid-to-invest-5-million-to-combat-coffee-fungus-epidemic-in-central-america, http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/Basidiomycetes/Pages/CoffeeRust.aspx, http://rt.com/usa/160016-coffee-rust-fungus-raises-prices/, http://www.scaa.org/chronicle/2013/02/15/some-insights-on-coffee-leaf-rust-hemileia-vastatrix/, http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-27474621, http://www.ibtimes.com/coffee-rust-has-claimed-1b-losses-250000-jobs-central-america-us-fears-increase-migration-1588078, http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/may-19-2014-usaid-texas-am-invest-5-million-combat-coffee-rust-crisis. Its ideal temperature is between 15 and 30°C/59 to 86°F and humidity triggers germination. 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