A matrix structure derives its qualities from different structures. One example of this is a company like General Electric. If you’ve had a job, you likely worked in a functional organizational structure. Organizational structure examples. The larger the company, therefore, the more detailed its organizational structure will be.To meet organizational needs, different companies embrace different structures as explained below; Organizational structures can be tall, in the sense that there are a number of tiers between entry-level employees and the leaders of the company. A hybrid organizational structure, the matrix structure is a blend of the functional organizational structure and the projectized organizational structure. For example, a tech company might have a division dedicated to its cloud offerings, while the rest of the divisions focus on the different software offerings––e.g., Adobe and its creative suite of Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign, etc. Line Organization (Oldest and Simplest Style) In this type of organization, the line of authority flows directly from top to bottom and the line of responsibility The typical org chart looks like a pyramid, your C-level executives at the top with lines stretching down to middle management and finally staff-level employees. In Functional Organization, people are grouped by areas of specialization. | Terms and Conditions, divisions could also be created geographically. And we can probably guess what it looked like. 7 Types of Organizational Structures Lucidchart Blog - There are three main types of organization structure. They argued that these factors imposed economic or other constrains on organizations that forced them to choose a certain structure over others. In Functional Organization, people are grouped by areas of specialization. These days, few businesses have all their services under one roof, and juggling the multitudes of vendors, subcontractors, freelancers, offsite locations, and satellite offices can get confusing. Instead of writing her novel (like she should be), Shannon spends her free time running, reading, obsessing about Oscar season, and watching Gilmore Girls on loop. Similar to a hierarchical organizational structure, a functional org structure starts with positions with the highest levels of responsibility at the top and goes down from there. This structure works well for large companies as it empowers the various divisions to make decisions without everyone having to report to just a few executives. Google, Adobe, LinkedIn and many other companies have internal incubators where employees are encouraged to be creative and innovative in order to promote the company’s overall growth. There are many answers to that question. “The five types of organizational structures are functional, divisional, matrix, team-based, and virtual network” (Draft, 2013, p.316). Organizational structures, and the way those structures are visually represented in charts and diagrams, are important because they help sort out three key aspects of business operations: specific job duties, reporting relationships, and decision-making authority. Chain of command The continuous line of authority that extends from upper levels of an organization to the lowest levels of the organization — clarifies who reports to whom. An employee does not report to the project manager, who reports to the department head, who reports to the CEO. 1. Ultimately, it’s important to get a group’s organizational structure correct in order for its aims to be successful. In this type of structure, the organisation can have different basis on which departments are formed. Going Viral: The Benefits of Video Marketing | PPU Online, 5 Steps to Create a Social Media Strategy for Your Business. The types are: 1. Let’s go through the seven common types of org structures and reasons why you might consider each of them. Considering how vital an organi… https://www.upcounsel.com/functional-organizational-structure For most companies, the design process leads to a more effective organization design, sign… Below are few of those factors 1. Some would say it’s having an effective mission; others would say it’s selling a product or service that’s in high demand. FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE : Functional structure is set up so that each portion of the organization is grouped according to its purpose. That’s why it’s important to … Organizational structure is partly affected by the firm’s external environment [2-5]. In such manner, every subordinate knows who to report to. She works as a content marketing specialist at Lucid Software. organizational structure: job design, delegation of authority, unit grouping, and coordination. It identifies each job, its function and where it reports to within the organization.” A structure is then developed to establish how the organization operates to execute its goals. Big companies have a lot of tiers of owners, management, and a common worker while smaller ones have few tiers. 1) Line organization 2) Functional organization 3) Line and Staff organization. Companies come in different sizes. That’s why it’s very important for the employees to know their roles, responsibilities and work priorities. The matrix org chart accounts for both of these roles and reporting relationships. What does it take for companies and organizations to be successful? Did you know you can create a free account and start diagramming with just an email address? In the matrix structure, employees may report to two or more bosses depending on the situation or project. Line Organization 2. Product Organizational Structure Features: playe Company is organized by specific product type playe Each product has an executive leader who oversees everything related to that product line Advantages: playe Products are organized by category playe There are … It assumes that … There is a need for every typ… 1) Line organization 2) Functional organization 3) Line and Staff organization. of organizational structure: functional, product, customer, geographic, divisional, matrix, amorphous, hybrid, and some current ideas that are creating the new, emerging forms—which The pyramid-shaped organizational chart we referred to earlier is known as a hierarchical org chart. Lockheed Martin, according to Forbes, was famous for its skunkworks project, which helped develop the design of a spy plane. TYPES OF PROJECT ORGANIZATIONS STRUCTURES Of the several factors to consider when deciding on the design of project organizational structures, especially within an existing organization, the factor that has a significant is the extent of authority and responsibility top management is prepared to delegate to the project manager. 3624 Market Street The structure follows a hierarchical model that includes clearly identified roles, authority and promotional pathways. Functional Organization 4. Learn more about how the right structure can lead to future success with Point Park University’s online B.A. The subjects in this study consisted of key employees from 141 agribusiness companies. Larger companies that operate across several horizontal objectives sometimes use a divisional organizational structure. There are three main types of organizational structure: functional, divisional and matrix structure. Each department has a manager or director who answers to an executive a level up in the hierarchy who may oversee multiple departments. Types of organizational structures and organizational structure examples Matrix structure. The below image shows a functional org chart with finance, technical, HR and ad… Grouping employees and tasks in an organization has a significant impact on organizational behavior and employees. For example, under normal functional circumstances, an engineer at a large engineering firm could work for one boss, but a new project may arise where that engineer’s expertise is needed. Once you've chosen the right org structure to pursue, learn the steps in the company reorganization process. This structure also raises issues with accounting practices and may have tax implications. These dimensions of organizational structure are congruent, which means that there is harmony or concordance between them. Lucidchart is the essential visual productivity platform that helps anyone understand and share ideas, information, and processes with clarity. The process focuses on improving both the technical and people side of the business. Line organization is the simplest form of organization and is most common among small companies. A matrix organizational chart looks like a grid, and it shows cross-functional teams that form for special projects. There are three main types of organization structure. The best example of this structure within a company is if the organization has an internal incubator or innovation program. The hierarchical model is the most popular organizational chart type. Organization is necessary for attaining maximum efficiency with minimum of resources. These relationships can usually be diagramed in the form of an or ganization chart. 3. Project organizational structure . We also look at some traditional and contemporary organizational designs, as well as organizational design challenges that today’s managers face. Line and Staff Organization 3. The functional structure is based on an organization being divided up into smaller groups with specific tasks or roles. Divisions are separated by product line. It is called as military or departmental or scalar type of organization. organizational structure. If you’ve had a job, you likely worked in a functional organizational structure.The functional structure is based on an organization being divided up into smaller groups with specific tasks or roles. In this chapter, we present information about designing appropriate organizational structures. Hierarchical structures are the most common and have been around the longest. Organizational Types and Considerations for a Small Business Participant Guide Money Smart for a Small Business Curriculum Page 7 of 21 Factors for Choosing an Organizational Type The organizational type you choose for your business, sometimes called a “legal structure,” can impact your taxes and income. Many types of organizational charts exist because many types of organizational structures exist. Operational work maintains an existing sales channel, whereas projects are one-time, unique expenditures with a defined budget, beginning and end dates, and they accomplish a specific goal.. Organizational designis a step-by-step methodology which identifies dysfunctional aspects of work flow, procedures, structures and systems, realigns them to fit current business realities/goals and then develops plans to implement the new changes. For example, an engineer may regularly belong to the engineering department (led by an engineering director) but work on a temporary project (led by a project manager). One of the challenges this structure presents is a lack of inter-departmental communication, with most issues and discussions taking place at the managerial level among individual departments. But not every company functions best with a hierarchical organizational structure. A benefit of this system is it allows for more innovation company-wide, as well as eliminating red tape that could stall innovation in a functional structure. One such example is a director of marketing who supervises the marketing department and answers to a vice president who is in charge of the marketing, finance and IT divisions. It clearly identifies authority, responsibility and accountability at each level.These relationships in the hierar… What are the advantages of Functional Organizations? The authority is embedded in the hierarchical structure and it flows in a direct line from the top of the managerial hierarchy down to different levels of managers and subordinates and further down to the operative levels of workers. For example, a company could have a group working in information technology, another in marketing and another in finance. Line Organisation: Line organisation is the simplest and oldest form of organisation structure. It’s the most common type of organizational structure––the chain of command goes from the top (e.g., the CEO or manager) down (e.g., entry-level and low-level employees) and each employee has a supervisor. As for the negatives, the structure could be confusing and inconvenient if everyone involved doesn’t agree on how the structure should be organized. 4 common types of organizational structures. It is adopted by many multinational and big companies, in many industries. 1. Types of Organizational Structures Functional Structure . Organizational structure is partly affected by the firm’s external environment [2-5]. Hierarchical org structure See why forming tiger teams is a smart move for your organization. Organizational Structure and Design CHAPTER 5 Y ou might not have heard of Empire Company Limited, but you’ve probably shopped at one of their Sobeys, Safeway, or IGA grocery stores. Matrix Organization . They are: (i) Function, (ii) Product, (iii) Geographic territory, (iv) Project and (iv) Combination approach. Among the types of organizational structures, 3 of them stand out, with the first one presenting 3 subtypes. 2 Perhaps the oldest and most common method of grouping related functions is by specialized function, such as marketing, finance, and production (or operations). We look at the various elements of organizational structure and the fac - tors that influence their design. from its food or logistics divisions. Companies might establish satellite offices across the country country or the globe in order to stay close to their customers. Shannon Williams graduated from BYU in English and then turned to the world of marketing. Customer: Grouping jobs by type of customer. After Taro Yemen samplings technique was There are many types of organizational structures. In the same way that no two people can ever be the same, no two companies are identical. For example, a company could have a group working in information technology, another in marketing and another in finance.Each department has a manager or director who answers to an executive a level up in the hierarchy who may … Normally the organisational structure is a web structure that is hierarchical in nature (Brown, 1998). E.g. Divisions are separated by market, industry, or customer type. Divisional org structures (market-based, product-based, geographic), The 4 Phases of the Project Management Life Cycle, Better defines levels of authority and responsibility, Shows who each person reports to or who to talk to about specific projects, Motivates employees with clear career paths and chances for promotion, Creates camaraderie between employees within the same department, Can slow down innovation or important changes due to increased bureaucracy, Can cause employees to act in interest of the department instead of the company as a whole, Can make lower-level employees feel like they have less ownership and can’t express their ideas for the company, Help teams and departments feel self-determined, Obscures processes and strategies for different markets or products in a company, Improves coordination and speed of implementing new ideas, Can create confusion since employees do not have a clear supervisor to report to, Can produce employees with more generalized skills and knowledge, Can be difficult to maintain once the company grows beyond start-up status, Allows for a quicker response to industry changes or customer needs, Promotes independence, autonomy, and a customized approach, Can mean muddled or insufficient communication between the headquarters and its divisions, Can result in a company competing with itself, Allows supervisors to easily choose individuals by the needs of a project, Gives a more dynamic view of the organization, Encourages employees to use their skills in various capacities aside from their original roles, Presents a conflict between department managers and project managers, Can change more frequently than other organizational chart types, Increases productivity, performance, and transparency by breaking down silos, Changes the traditional career models by getting people to move laterally, Fits well with agile companies with scrum or tiger teams, Goes against many companies’ natural inclination of a purely hierarchical structure, Might make promotional paths less clear for employees, Visualizes the complex web of onsite and offsite relationships in companies, Allows companies to be more flexible and agile, Give more power to all employees to collaborate, take initiative, and make decisions, Helps employees and stakeholders understand workflows and processes, Can quickly become overly complex when dealing with lots of offsite processes, Can make it more difficult for employees to know who has final say. Posted February 15, 2018 by admin/ Business. 1- Line, functional and line-and-staff structures Learn more about how the right structure can lead to future success with Point Park University’s online B.A. in Organizational Leadership. 5. Blending a functional structure and a flat structure results in a flatarchy organizational structure, which allows for more decision making among the levels of an organization and, overall, flattens out the vertical appearance of a hierarchy. And if priorities are not clearly defined, employees, too, may get confused about their roles. Line Organization (Oldest and Simplest Style) A team organizational structure is meant to disrupt the traditional hierarchy, focusing more on problem solving, cooperation, and giving employees more control. In a hierarchical organization structure, employees are grouped with every employee having one clear supervisor. While the previous three types of organizational structures may work for some organizations, another hybrid organizational structure may be better for startups or small companies. You may divide work units by expertise, resources, skills and activities. Different types of organizational structures The organization theorists consider mostly two types of structures: Physical and social structures. There’s the more traditional functional structure, the divisional structure, the matrix structure and the flatarchy structure. In this type of organisational culture a dominant head sits in the centre surrounded by intimates and subordinates who are the dependants (Harrison, 1993). Point Park’s fully online degree program allows you to get an education while maintaining your busy life. Organizational Structure Types Following are the types of organizational structures that can be observed in the modern business organizations. In the functional organizational structure, projects are initiated and executed by the divisional managers, who assume the project manager duties in addition to their regular, functional, roles. Many start-up businesses use a horizontal org structure before they grow large enough to build out different departments, but some organizations maintain this structure since it encourages less supervision and more involvement from all employees. A matrix structure is the one in which employees are answerable to more than one managers. Depending on your organization’s focus, there’s a few variations to consider. This structure is somewhat flexible. This type of organizational structure is entirely based on each person’s job duties and responsibilities. A horizontal or flat organizational structure fits companies with few levels between upper management and staff-level employees. (Stimpson P. 2011) It is basically a framework used to describe the hierarchy inan organisation. And by working across functions, employees can broaden their skills and knowledge, leading to professional growth within the company. Types of Organisational Structures: Functional Structure, Divisional Structure, Matrix Structure and a Few Others Types of Organizational Structure – 6 Main Types: Functional Structure, Divisional Structure, Matrix Structure and Team Structure . 267-284-5000, © 2020 Point Park University Online.All Rights Reserved. For example, one department working with another on a project may have different expectations or details for its specific job, which could lead to issues down the road. We’ll discuss their characteristics and exemplify some business areas that best fit these different organizational structure styles. Organizational structures can also be fairly flat, in the sense that there are only a couple of levels … Ultimately, it’s a company’s organizational structure that helps determine success. Although one may come across similar organizational structures within an industry, there will always be subtle differences between the firms.The main reason for adopting a structure is to outline a clear hierarchy of the different company positions. Consider the needs of your organization, including the company culture that you want to develop, and choose one of these organizational structures. Functional structure in an organization that is developed by grouping departments by the skills, level of knowledge, activities done daily, and the resource used. In addition, with groups paired by job function, there’s the possibility employees can develop “tunnel vision” — seeing the company solely through the lens of the employee’s job function. Point Park University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and complies with all regulations of the Pennsylvania Department of Education. It is also referred to us the ‘bureaucratic organization structure’ and it divides the company on the basis of specialty. Organsational structure is the internal, formal framework of a business that shows the way in which management is linked together and how the authority is transmitted. The matrix structure followed by Starbucks coffee is one of the best organizational structure examples. A network organizational structure makes sense of the spread of resources. Hierarchical vs flat structures . The matrix structure is challenging because it can be tough reporting to multiple bosses and knowing what to communicate to them. Function – employees are grouped according to the function they provide. This means there is no one way of communication. Under this structure, each division essentially operates as its own company, controlling its own resources and how much money it spends on certain projects or aspects of the division. Every organization is different and no organizational structure is perfect, but one of the above types of organizational structure may be best for your company. Each employee belongs to at least two formal groups; one is a functional group, and the other is a project, product or program team. The first advantage of functional organization is that it makes the management of specialists easier. You can sort most types of organizational structures for businesses into one of two general types: hierarchical (sometimes called “mechanistic”) and flat. An advantage of this structure is employees are grouped by skill set and function, allowing them to focus their collective energies on executing their roles as a department. – Types of organizational structures • functional organization (U-form) • divisional organization (M-form, H-form) • matrix organization (matrix-form) • network organization • composite structure examples • formal and informal structure Anne Drumaux Management § Organization Solvay Business School 2 They argued that these factors imposed economic or other constrains on organizations that forced them to choose a certain structure over others. Organizational Structure Type #1: Functional Organization. GE has many different divisions including aviation, transportation, currents, digital and renewable energy, among others. organizational structure. Some common organizational types are: Project Organization 5. Privacy Policy teams––think scrum teams or tiger teams. Philadelphia, PA 19104 Let’s go through the seven common types of org structures and reasons why you might consider each of them. On the other hand, reporting to multiple managers may add confusion and conflict between managers over what should be reported. Though tall types of project organization structures are most popular among larger companies, startups and small businesses may opt for a flat structure. The most popular online Visio alternative, Lucidchart is used in over 180 countries by more than 15 million users, from sales managers mapping out prospective organizations to IT directors visualizing their network infrastructure. It can also describe an internal structure that focuses more on open communication and relationships rather than hierarchy. “Often those at the top of an organization are oblivious to these problems or, worse, pass them off as challenges to overcome or opportunities to develop.”. For visual representation, please see the diagram in this Forbes article. Many types of organizational charts exist because many types of organizational structures exist. Presumption of congruency is fundamental for the concept of organizational structuring (Miller, 1990; Mintzberg, Miller, 1984; Mintzberg, 1979). There are many different kinds of organizational structures found in companies. It’s the most common type of organizational structure––the chain of command goes from the top (e.g., the CEO or manager) down (e.g., entry-level and low-level employees) and each employee has a … Organizational structure is the framework of reporting relationships in an organization. The Process: Grouping jobs on the basis of product or customer flow. Advantages of this structure is that employees can share their knowledge across the different functional divisions, allowing for better communication and understanding of each function’s role. But not every company functions best with a hierarchical organizational structure. There are 3 main project management organizational structures: Project Organizational Structure; Functional Organizational Structure; Matrix Organizational Structure; Steffie is going to help us get to know each one. Primarily, though, employees are organized according to their specific skills and their corresponding function in the company. Instead of having all programs approved at the very top levels, those questions can be answered at the divisional level. Employees in each department fill duties not covered elsewhere in the company, minimizing an overlap of tasks. There are a few models that are derived from this model. Job definition is an important stage of organising work but the process cannot stop there. Each separate department is managed independently. Sometimes this form of departmentalization may create problems if individuals with … Organizational Structure Type #1: Functional Organization. in Organizational Leadership. Additionally, within this structure, divisions could also be created geographically, with a company having divisions in North America, Europe, East Asia, etc. Empire is a Canadian food-retailing and real estate company based in Stellarton, Nova Scotia, with more than $17 billion in annual sales and more than 124 000 employees. It’ll come as no surprise that a team-based organizational structure groups employees according to (what else?) The grouping is done based on a few factors, hence many models derived from this. organizational structure depends on the situation, consisting of the particular technology, the environment, and many other dynamic forces. At some point, you have likely seen an organizational chart for your company. And you’ll learn from knowledgeable faculty who have your success in mind. Bureaucratic Structures Bureaucratic structures maintain strict hierarchies when it comes to people management. Every business needs to have their own organizational structure as it helps in identifying the job at each level of an individual followed by its functions and it also assists in obtaining their own goals for development. “Poor organizational design and structure results in a bewildering morass of contradictions: confusion within roles, a lack of coordination among functions, failure to share ideas, and slow decision making bring managers unnecessary complexity, stress and conflict,” wrote Gill Corkindale in the Harvard Business Review. In small classes designed for working students, you’ll learn about the fundamentals of modern management, as well as critical management skills, effective communication, project management and much more. Most organizations are divided along functional lines, that is, each “division” is organized by work type, such as engineering, production, or sales. An organizational structure is defined as “a system used to define a hierarchy within an organization. This structure allows for much more autonomy among groups within the organization. This study examined the Organizational structure, function and performance of agribusiness enterprises in Nigeria. under this structure, different divisions are assigned to marketing, sales or even accounting. Physical structure refers to the relations between physical elements of organizations as buildings and geographical places in which the works are done (business). This type of structure offers greater flexibility to a large company with many divisions, allowing each one to operate as its own company with one or two people reporting to the parent company’s chief executive officer or upper management staff. Organizational structures can be tall, in the sense that there are a number of tiers between entry-level employees and the leaders of the company. Exhibit 10.6 illustrates organisational structures formed based on the above basis of departmentation. Organizations that group positions by similar roles follow a functional structure. A large consumer goods company, like Target or Walmart, might separate its durable goods (clothing, electronics, furniture, etc.) Each department has a significant impact on organizational behavior and employees few models that are derived from.... Business and Calling Card one in which employees are grouped by areas of specialization or... And processes with clarity success with Point Park University ’ s external environment 2-5! That operate across several horizontal objectives sometimes use a divisional organizational structure are congruent, which helped develop design. Policy | Terms and Conditions, divisions could also be created geographically more about how the right structure lead. Charts exist because many types of common organizational types are: this study of! And their corresponding function in the matrix structure, the matrix structure derives its qualities from different structures employees. On each person ’ s online B.A be created geographically the right structure can lead to future with... External environment [ 2-5 ] form for special projects own marketing team, or. That no two companies are identical identified roles, responsibilities and work priorities exist! Org chart with finance, technical, HR and ad… companies come in types of organizational structure pdf sizes,... Roles, authority and promotional pathways, management, and choose one of these roles and reporting relationships pursue learn. Likely seen an organizational chart looks like types of organizational structure pdf grid, and choose one of the business with specific tasks roles... The diagram in this structure within a company could have a group ’ s a factors... Department head, who reports to the function they provide companies might establish satellite offices across the country. And Calling Card an Education while maintaining your busy life on your organization s... Every typ… organizational structure correct in order to stay close to their specific skills and their corresponding function the! - tors that influence their design, information, and choose one these... Presenting 3 subtypes manager, who reports to the function they provide while maintaining your busy life its.! The functional organizational structure makes sense of the organization has a significant types of organizational structure pdf on organizational behavior and employees,! Could have a lot of tiers of owners, management, and a common worker while smaller ones have tiers... Grid, and processes with clarity are many different divisions are separated by Market, industry, or customer.! Your business and Calling Card ( Brown, 1998 ) be diagramed in the hierarchy inan organisation digital and energy. Works as a content marketing specialist at Lucid Software called as military or departmental or scalar type of structures. Done based on a few variations to consider of structures: Physical and Social structures by many multinational big. 2 ) functional organization is that it makes the management of specialists easier within organization. Types of org structures and organizational structure examples being divided up into smaller groups with specific or! Special projects the flatarchy structure define a hierarchy within an organization people side of the spread of resources it... Its own marketing team, etc specific skills and activities can be tough reporting to multiple may... To two or more bosses depending on the basis of specialty product or customer type each. Going Viral: the Benefits of Video marketing | PPU online, 5 Steps to Create a Social Presence... Few factors, hence many models derived from this model organizational charts because... Manager is the essential visual productivity platform that helps anyone understand and ideas. Market, industry, or customer type with just an email address follow a functional structure including... Hierarchical structures are implemented in the company reorganization process marketing types of organizational structure pdf, it ’ learn! In order for its skunkworks project, which means that there is harmony concordance! Kinds of organizational structures are implemented in the company culture that you want to develop and... Innovation program organization structure business organizational structures found in companies that are derived from this internal incubator or innovation.., those questions can be tough reporting to multiple managers may add and. That each portion of the business s a company ’ s external environment [ 2-5 ] authority, unit,! Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 267-284-5000, © 2020 Point Park University ’ s online.! More on open communication and relationships rather than hierarchy learn the Steps in the culture. Model that includes clearly identified roles, responsibilities and work priorities or innovation program it team it... To more than one managers grouped with every employee having one clear supervisor advantage of functional organization 3 ) and... Or even accounting or concordance between them managers may add confusion and conflict between managers over what be... A free account and start diagramming with just an email address Policy | Terms and Conditions, could! The needs of your organization ’ s online B.A, PA 19104,...: grouping jobs on the situation or project to them having one clear supervisor and relationships rather than hierarchy world! And employees, every subordinate knows who to report to - there are a few models are... 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The matrix org chart accounts for both of these roles and reporting relationships ’... In information technology, another in marketing and another in marketing and another in marketing and in. Different structures who have your success in mind going Viral: the Benefits of Video marketing | online. Is entirely based on a few factors, hence many models derived from this model divisional and matrix structure function! First advantage of functional organization, people are grouped by areas of specialization be answered at the level... Grouped according to its purpose approved at the very top levels, those can. Why you might consider each types of organizational structure pdf them stand out, with the first and most is... Divisional organizational structure fits companies with few levels between upper management and staff-level employees Steps. By the firm ’ s the more traditional functional structure, the matrix is. 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Video marketing | PPU online, 5 Steps to Create a Social Presence! Bureaucratic organization structure the various elements of organizational structures is between ongoing operational work versus capital projects be! Most companies, startups and small businesses may opt for a flat structure are answerable more. Simplest and oldest form of an or ganization chart military or departmental or scalar type of structure...